编者按:
bilaijinianlai，shanghaishiduizhiyishiyeweidaoxiang，lianxishijizhankailefuyouyongguodebiyeshengshiyezhidianrenwu，bingcong2003nianqizaitianxialingxianchengliqimeiyiniandudezhongdengzhiyexuexiaobiyeshengshiyeqingkuangtongzhibugaoguizhi，jidadizengjinlebiyeshengdeshiye。weijinyibulinghuizhongzhibiyeshengdeshiyezhuangtai，zhaochucunzaidetimu、chanfatimufashengdeyuanyou，bingtichuyouzhenduixingdeduicehechangyi，shanghaishijiaokeyuanzhichengjiaoyiqieguanyantaozhiyuanbaqushanghaishi4suoguodujizhongdianzhiyexuexiaojianjieshiyede702ming2004jiebiyeshenghe78jiaxiangganyongrendanweizuoweichaxunbaifanggongju，jingyouguochengwenjuan、shidifangwendengqingshitingzhilegenzongchaxunbaifangrenwu。
chaxunbaifangshanxian，zhongzhibiyeshenggaoshiyelvxiatongshicunzaishiyepinzhibugaozheiyitimu，zhideyinfayouguanfangmiandegaoduzhengshi。zaibaozhenggaoshiyelvdetongshi，bushijinbuzhongzhibiyeshengdeshiyepinzhi，jishiwanchengzhongdengzhiyejiaodaoyanxuankangshengzhangdekeguanxuyao，yeshigenghaodichanyangzhongdengzhiyejiaodaobanshijingjishehuishengzhanggongxiaodeneihanqingqiu。jinbuzhongzhibiyeshengdeshiyepinzhi，xuyaogejidangju、shehui、xuexiaohejiatingdechijiupeihejinli，manmanchengliqiyouyiyugouchengmiaojixingrencaishengzhangjiechuqingkuangdezhangxiaojizhi。
全体情况
zhongdengzhiyexuexiaobiyeshengyicixingshiyelvduizhizaijiaogaochengduxianshang；biyeshengshiyeyijinqi、qijidanweiheshengrugaoyijixuexiaochixujinxiuweizhu，cizhongjuedajubushier、sanchanleizhuanyedebiyesheng。
——biyeshengshiyelv:
bilaijinianlai，shanghaishizhongdengzhiyexuexiaobiyeshengyicixingshiyelvduizhizaijiaogaodechengduxianshang。juzanmenduizhongdengzhuanyexuexiaohezhiyegaozhongliangleixuexiaobilai5niandetongji，2003nianyilai，biyeshengshiyelvyixiangduizhizai96%yishang，cizhong2004nianyilaideshiyelvjunduizhizai98%yishang。
——shiyequshisanbu:
jinqi、qijidanweijianjieshiyeshibiyeshengdeshouxuan，bilaijinianlaiqirenshujunkuayuebiyeshengzongshudeyibanyishang，qiejueduirenshuhesuozhanbilidouchengkuozhantaishi；qicishishengrugaoyijixuexiaochixujinxiu。2004nianyilai，erzhedesuanjibilijunzhanbiyeshengzongshude95%yishang。
——shiyedecaichansanbu:
congrenshusanbushangkan，erchanleihesanchanleizhuanyebiyeshengzhanjuedadadou。2007nian，erchanlei、sanchanleizhuanyebiyeshengsuanjirenshuzhanzongshude98.5%。cizhong，erchanleizhuanyebiyeshengdebizhonglveyouzengtian。2007nian，erchanleizhuanyebiyeshengdebizhongdaoda21.6%，bishangyinianzengtian1.2gebaifendian；congshiyelvkan，2007niandisancaichandebiyeshengshiyelvkuayuelequanshijunyunchengdu。
存在题目
zhongdengzhiyexuexiaobiyeshenggaoshiyelvxiatuqifanyingchushiyepinzhibugaozheiyitimu，jutibiaocikezhuanyeduikoulvdi、renweibaochoubugaoherenwubugoububiandengfangmian。
yishizhuanyeduikoulvbugao，xuefeisuoyongdejingxiangbiniyanjun。zhongdengzhiyejiaodaoshouyaopeiyuchuzhichuchanyixiancaozonghuobanlijishurenwudezhiyuan，qishiyedezuidabenqianhuoshangfengbianshizhuanyenashou。dancongshijiqingkuangkan，zaizanmengenzongchaxunbaifangde702ming4suoguodujizhongdianzhiyexuexiao2004jiebiyeshengzhong，yibanyishangdebiyeshengyiweichudusuochuzhidegangtingyubenshensuoxuedezhuanyecuowukouhuogenjicuowukou，zhiyao45%debiyeshengyiweichudurenwugangtingyubenshensuoxuezhuanyeduikouhuogenjiduikou。
ershirenweidengfulibaochoubudaowei。zaifachude702fenchaxunbaifangbiaozhong，xianshengrenwudejunyunyuerenweiyouchudurenwushide1182.16yuanhuishengdaogenzongchaxunbaifangtingzhiride1692.38yuan，zhizengtianle510.22yuan。biede，you184rendeshiyedanweihaimeiyouweiqijiaonashehuibaozhengjin，zhanchaxunbaifangxianshengdesifenzhiyiqiang。
sanshirenwububianxingjiaocha。cong2004nian7yuedao2006nian6yueduanduandeliangnianjian，702mingbiyeshengzhong，yiyou313mingbiyeshenggaihuanledanwei，zhan44.6%。zaizhei313mingxianshengzhong，52%debiyeshengzaichudurenwu6geyuezhineijiugaihuanlerenwudanwei，henduobiyeshenghaimeiyoumanliyongqijiuhuanledanwei。zaidui78jiayongrendanweidechaxunbaifangzhong，yeyoujinyibandeyongrendanweiyiweizhongzhibiyeshengderenwubugoububian。
缘由阐发
gouchengzhongdengzhiyexuexiaobiyeshengshiyepinzhibugaodeshouyaoyuanyouyoulaizishehuiqingkuang、zhengcebanfa、xuexiaopeiyuhejiatingxiaowodengfangmiandeshenfen。
qishoushishehuiqingkuanghezhengcebanfafangmiandeyuanyou。yingdangkandao，jinchaoshehuishangbibozhiyejiaodao、zhengshigaoxueliwenping、bufangzaiyanlijishuxiuxidejingxiangrengbiniyanjun。cizhongdeyigezhuyaodebiaoxianbianshimiaojixingrencaidedaijiabuguanshicongxinzishangrengshijinshengtongdaoshanghaimeiyounenghuodechongshidebiaoxianhebaozheng。jushanghaishixiuxiheshehuibaozhengjuriqianbanbudeshanghaijubuqiyechuchanmiaojizhiyuan、qiyebanlizhiyuanderenweijiaweishanxian，banlizhiyuannianjunyunrenweiwei5.7wanyuan，erchuchanmiaojizhiyuannianjunyunrenweijinwei2.7wanyuan，budaobanlizhiyuandeyiban。zanmendechaxunbaifangtongjishanxian，shangshugaihuanrenwugangtingde313mingbiyeshengzhong，yousanfenzhiyishiyinweididiandanweirenweibaochoutaidideyuanyou；biede，yinweimiaojixingrencaidexuelitiaolijueduijiaodi，yaohuodejinshengheshengjiyefeichangjianku。zaichaxunbaifangzhong，zanmenlinghuidao，youyibangaihuanrenwugangtingdebiyeshengbianshiyinweishoubaochoudiheduixiaowoshengzhangdaomeidengzongheshenfenyingxiangzhongjiutiaoxuanfenkaide；tongshi，rengliuzaiyuandanweidebiyeshengzhong，yihuodejinshenghuoshengjidezhiyuanyebailitiaoyi。
ershiyinweidaoxiangdeyuanyou，hendayijubuzhiyexuexiaoxianshengbiyehoutiaoxuanchixushengxue，suiranbilaijinianlaiqibiliyousuojiangluo，danrengzhanbiyeshengzongshudejinsicheng。
sanshizhiyejiaodaoyushehuixuyaodebushunyingxing，haibiaocikexiangchengjubuzhiyexuexiaozoulepugaojiaodaodexianlu，zhongshiji、qinglilun。
biede，tuizhiyejiaodaoshizibuduijianshefangmian，yeshanxianchuyuzhiyexuexiaoshengzhangbuxiangshunyingdeyimian。jiaoyuanzongliangqueshao，chugeshi“shuangshixing”jiaoyuandejinque，nanyizhizuxianshengjiangshoulilundexuyaohemiaojichengdudejinsheng。
zaicishijiatinghuoxianshengbenshenfangmiandeyuanyou。shoushehuidaqingkuangdeyingxiang，henduojiazhanghexianshengbenshenkanbuqizhiyejiaodaohuosuochuzhidejishurenwu。fangzhendingweibuzhun，shijiqingkuangyuxijizhichangchangxiangqushenyuan。juriqianyixiangduishanghai4000huzhuminderuhuchaxunbaifangshanxian，weiyi1%derenqingyuanchanggongren。wuduzhanou，2006nian，shanghaifabude《shanghaizhongxiaoxianshengshengzhangpinzhichaxunbaifangbaogao》shanxian，zai“nidanyuanhaiziweilaizuoshenme？”defawenzhong，jinsanfenzhiyidejiazhangtiaoxuanlegongshiyuan，zhiyao1.1%dejiazhangdanyuanhaizichengweigongren。xiangchengjubuzhiyexuexiaoxiansheng，chugeshijianzaojiagongleizhuanyexiansheng，biyehoubuyuandaoyixiangangtingshiye。biede，jinchaodexianshengduoweidushenghoudai，qizaichuzhirenjiganxidenengli、pengdaobozhedexinsimengshounenglidengfangmianyebininuoruo。zaishangshugaihuanrenwugangtingde313mingbiyeshengzhong，churenweibaochoutaidiheduixiaowoshengzhangdaomeideyuanyouwai，haiyou47%dexianshengshiyinweiduidanweixingzibuduijing、renwuqiangduguoda、renjiganxiyanzhonghedanweididianditaiyuandengyuanyou。
对策倡议
yaozhuanbianjinchaozhongdengzhiyexuexiaobiyeshengshiyededaomeichanghepaichang、jinbuqishiyepinzhishiyigepangzadetixigongcheng，xuyaogejidangju、shehui、xuexiaohejiatingdechijiupeihejinli。zhiyaoduoguanqixia、duizhibuxie，nengliyouyonggailiangzhongzhibiyeshengdeshiyezhuangtaihejinbuqishehuiweizhi，bingmanmanchengliqiyouyiyugouchengmiaojixingrencaishengzhangjiechuqingkuangdezhangxiaojizhi。
yishiyaojinlijinbumiaojixingrencaidequantishehuiweizhi，binggouchengyouyiyumiaojixingrencaishengzhangdejiechushehuikongqi。cizhong，chengligongdaodemiaojixingrencaixinchouguifanshizhuanbianshiyekanfa，jinbumiaojixingrencaishehuiweizhi，hezhuanbianjinchaoyongrendaijiaquxiangdeyigedizixingdong。yaowanchengzheiyifangzhen，qishoushiyaodaidongquanshehuizhuanbianchijiugouchengdeduimiaojixingrencaidechengjian；qicishiyaokaodangjudezhengcezhidaohenidingyouguanfalinglvlizhangcheng；zaicishiyaobiangengqiyedezhudongxingyinidingzhunquegongdaoderenlizibenzhengcehexinchouguifan。
tongshi，yaochongshichanyangbosong、dianshi、baokan、shoujidengxiaoximeitidechuanbugongxiao，dinglixuanyangmiaojixingrencaichugeshigaomiaojirencaizaijingjishehuishengzhangzhongdezhuyaoganhuahejinxian，xuanyangmiaojixingrencaizaipeiyu、liyong、baochoudengfangmiandezhengcebanfa，zaiquanshehuizhenzhengyingjianyigezunjingmiaojixingrencaidejiechuqingkuang。
ershiyaojinyibuchenglijianquanbanlitixitiliheyunzhuanjizhi。
——jingyouguochengjinyibuwanmeizhiyezilizhengshuguizhi，zengjinxuelizhengshuyuzhiyezilizhengshuderongtong。
liangleizhengshuderongtongyouyiyujinbuzhiyezilizhengshuhezhiyexuexiaobiyezhengshudeweizhi，youyiyuzhuanbianzhongxueli、qingmiaojidejingxiang。changyiyinru“dazhiyejiaodao”kanfa，duizhongzhi、gaozhihegezhongshehuijiaodaoyupeixunshixingtongyibanli，weiliangleizhengshuderongtongtanpingluzi。zhenzhuodaojinchaozhiyejiaodaobanlitixitilidejinkuang，nenggoucaiyongfenbushixingdezhanlve，manmanwanchengzhong、gaozhijiaodaoyupeixundejiangu，miaojixingrencaijiaodaopeixundediaohexiezuo，zhiyejiaodaozhengcehegouzaoshixingdetongyibanli。
sanshiyaojiasuzhiyejiaodaobenshendedingxinbudiao。
——zhiyexuexiaoyaojingyouguochengxiaoqixiezuo、gongxuelianxidengluzi，jinyibuyuqiyejiehegaohaozhiyexuexiaodelilunjiangshouhe“chukou”guanjian。
